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In contrast with ordinary statistical moments, higher order PWMs can be accurately estimated from small samples.
These variance measurements have been made with samples of quite modest size, which should be a source of concern because higher-order statistics, such as variance, are poorly estimated from small sample sizes.
The magnitude of the thermodynamic interaction in a bulk binary homopolymer blend due to regular branching alone has been estimated from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements for the first time using blends of star and linear poly styrene)s of well defined structure.
Fig. 2. Interplate coupling coefficient estimated from small repeating earthquakes for the period from 1993 to March 2007 (color).
The southern half of the source area of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake showed aseismic sliding with a velocity that was less than 50% of the convergence rate estimated from small repeating earthquakes between 1993 and 2007 (Uchida et al., 2009).
It is, however, well known that gene-specific variances estimated from small sample sizes are unstable.
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Although a thermal extrapolation model with a macroscopic geometry factor is evaluated, friction and wear rates cannot be estimated from small-scale tests because of differences in wear mechanisms, influenced by transfer ability, creep and contact area.
Finally, the extended dual-site Langmuir equation is justified as a suitable macroscopic model for multi-component adsorption on heterogeneous porous media with parameters estimated from small-scale models.
However, moments above the fourth are rarely used, and higher moments can be difficult to estimate from small samples.
Because risk estimates from small areas suffer from substantial variability, we applied a method, widely used in disease mapping, to smooth crude mortality rates at the municipality level (Besag and Kooperberg 1995; Besag et al. 1991).
In the absence of a bias, the effect estimates from smaller studies scatter widely at the bottom of the funnel plot, with the spread narrowing among larger studies, so that the plot resembles a symmetrical inverted funnel.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com