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The authors mitigate the possibility of reverse causation by using only ideology estimated from papers published before the paper containing the reported ideology/elasticities.
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The higher value is more typical of average ammonium concentrations in residential OWTS (Umari et al. 1993; Wakida and Lerner 2005; Katz et al. 2010), and is consistent with concentrations used for calculations in this paper estimated from literature values.
More generally, variance values used in this paper are estimated from published figures using a low number of replicates, so they are not robust.
An important argument that bolsters the need for improving residents' teaching skills is the amount of time they dedicate to teaching, which in previous papers has been estimated from 20 to 25% [ 1, 15].
Figure 6 shows that reasonable comparisons between observed and predicted effective permeability values as a function of pore pressure for the two Eagle Ford rock samples reported in Heller et al. (2014) [Note that only the data of Heller et al. (2014) under the smallest confining stress are used here because they can be more accurately estimated from the relevant plots in the paper].
* Estimated from figures, but not explicitly stated in the paper.
Whenever available, measurements provided in the original paper were used, otherwise they were estimated from the available idiograms or metaphases.
In this paper, the pairwise genetic relationship among subjects was estimated from genome-wide SNPs.
Their sizes are estimated from albedos.
Costs were estimated from MSRP.
Insulin secretion was estimated from OGTT data.
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