In fact, in some 7vCRM carriage studies at certain ages or time points, an apparent increase in 19A carriage is observed (odds ratios greater than 1 or negative point estimates for efficacy) following vaccination, although these changes were generally not statistically significant [ 22].
It goes without saying that the results of these trials are particularly interesting as they provide information on how new medicines, accurately estimated for their efficacy, contribute to an improvement in treatment options for patients.
The vaccination coverage in a girls catch-up programme below which the boys vaccination strategy (assuming maximum expected benefit from boys vaccination) is modelled to lead to more CC prevented than the addition of a catch-up programme was estimated for different vaccine efficacy and vaccine duration of protection.
The estimated coefficients for efficacy and costs had the expected sign and were statistically significant.
Here, we used as baseline values of efficacy the ones estimated for seasonal influenza, and explored a vaccine efficacy for susceptibility in the range (50 90%), along with a larger vaccine efficacy for infectiousness, equal to 80%.
It should be stressed that, in the base case scenario, these gains were estimated assuming no dropouts and, consequently, the efficacy rates estimated for those patients that completed the clinical trial.
Efficacy rates were estimated for groups of patients who differed in the number of prior TNF-α inhibitors used.
However, there is a need for well-designed epidemiologic field studies in which the components of vaccine efficacy can be estimated for both vaccines directly.
Because there are so few studies investigating how well e-cigarettes work as a quitting tool, the review's confidence levels are low and estimates for efficacy are likely to change.
Estimates for efficacy of the primary series vaccination in children were based on a recent case-control study of pertussis vaccination in children aged 6 to 59 months in the US [31].
