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When we took a closer look at the results emerging from the use of the variance of the different estimated fixed effects across scaling models given the country, that is (s^2_{hat{beta }_{jgz.g}}), we found virtually no variation across the models for the estimated fixed effects (hat{beta }_0), (hat{beta }_1), and (hat{beta }_2).
Figure 1 shows the distributions of the estimated fixed effects across countries for the different scaling models.
As can be seen, for each country, the measurement model used to scale the HRL index did influence the size of the estimated fixed effect.
The effect was remarkably high for Iran (Islamic Rep. of), Malta, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Abu Dhabi (UAE), Qatar, and Romania: the estimated fixed effects changed by up to 10 points when we used a country-specific measurement model to scale the HRL index.
The direction of this change was not always the same, however, for some countries (Malta, Slovenia, Czech Republic), the estimated fixed effects decreased from measurement Model 1 to measurement Model 4; for others (Iran (Islamic Rep. of), Abu Dhabi (UAE), Qatar, Romania), the fixed effects increased.
This was calculated in view of the chosen factorial design with m = 8 estimated fixed parameters.
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However, the Tobit estimation applied in fixed effects in the panel data involves complications and cannot consistently estimate fixed effects.
Additionally, we estimate fixed effects for schools to control for differences between them.
We therefore decide to estimate fixed effects models for every time period to ensure consistent estimates.
In this article, a new approach for estimating fixed capital investment of modular production plants will be presented and applied using a generic example.
With 25 time periods, the standard bias on the lagged dependent variable coefficients when estimating fixed effects models is small, so we ignore this problem (see Nickell 1981).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com