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As can be seen from the estimated data, the estimated lattice parameters and unit cell volume values for the doped TiO2 nanoparticles deviate considerably from those of the undoped sample due to the incorporation of Eu+3 ions into the TiO2 lattice, which induces the local distortion of the crystal structure.
In order to find higher agreement of published and estimated data, the original Arrhenius equation (non-ln-transformed) was used and one out of six outlying inactivation rates were omitted, resulting in a very high agreement with the published data (Table 2, last column; for full data, see Supplementary Table 3 in Supplementary Material available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/830809).org/10.1155/2015/830809
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As described in the "Experimental purpose" subsection, the RMSE between the estimated data and the ground truth data was the evaluation parameter of the demodulation accuracy.
Figure 13 shows the results of the RMSE between the estimated data and the ground truth data.
In this experiment, using the proposed method, condition (3), the RMSE between the estimated data and the ground truth data was statistically significantly decreased in all cases.
The reduction rate R is calculated as follows: Fig. 13 Results of calculation of the RMSE between the estimated data and the ground truth data.
Moreover, the kinetic model was verified by comparing the estimated data with the experimental ones, as shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 12 Comparison between the estimated data and the ground truth data.
In further part of the study, estimated data by the ANN was used in a numerical solution of batch reactor modeling equation to obtain time courses data.
When authors were unavailable we estimated data using the recommendations in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
The estimated data (2) was the control condition of the estimated data (3), and was set to evaluate the effect on adapting modulation depth, M. Table 3 shows the comparison of parameters between the previous method and the proposed method.
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