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We assume that the quantities of interest will be estimated by sample means.
The model that overestimated transmittance and had the generally larger errors, a modified Meyers model, used the assumption of uniform leaf angle distribution, whereas in the other model, designated the UVRT model, leaf angle distributions were estimated by sample measurements.
In fact, all the derivations are based on the theoretical expression of the elementary cross-covariances, Σ y (i,l), given in (5) although in practice these elementary cross-covariances are estimated by sample averaging as follows: begin{array}rcl@ widehat{Sigma}_{boldsymbol{y}}(i,l)~=~frac{1}{N}sumlimits_{n=1}^{N}y_{i}(n y_{l}^{H}(n), end{array} (25).
The recruitment process stopped after 16 months due to financial matters and local conditions, and we succeeded in including a total of 118 cancer patients, substantially less than estimated by sample size calculations.
The sample size requirements for the time to event endpoints were estimated by the method of Freedman [ 13], and the other sample size estimates were estimated by Sample Power Version 2 (SPSS 2000, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) using classic methods [ 14].
Similar(55)
The distributions, and are estimated by sampling from the databases.
The rates are estimated by sampling with Sobol sequences over a pre-defined parameter space.
Ruminal NDF digestibility was 2.7% higher when estimated by sampling the reticulum than by sampling the omasal canal.
Parasitism was estimated by sampling both young larvae collected within apple fruits and mature larvae in band traps wrapped around the trunk of the apple trees.
This paper addresses the task of approximating this hill-climbing search when the utility function can only be estimated by sampling.
Community or population utilities approximate societal values, which can be estimated by sampling general society.
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