Shot peening process is widely used to impose compressive residual stresses in fatigue critical surfaces, and its intensity estimated empirically by inserting Almen strips near the intended target and measuring their post-peening curvature.
As a robustness check, I ran additional analyses in which I re-estimated Model 2 by inserting two additional interaction terms between parental and siblings support with parental educational level in order to investigate whether the observed specific importance of educational support for second-generation Turks persists against controls for social class effects.
Nine additional blank HEPA vacuum sock samples were collected to estimate cross-contamination by inserting them into the vacuum nozzle after a HEPA vacuum sock sample had been collected and the nozzle cleaned; these socks were then withdrawn and placed in a sterile conical tube for laboratory analysis.
Open image in new window Fig. 3 Dorsal and lateral view of the humerus showing the calculated elbow rotation axis (blue) and the rotation axis estimated by the surgeon (red) by inserting a K-wire.
A variance estimator is obtained by inserting the estimated covariance matrix in Eq. (7).
It was estimated by the average insert size of the BAC clones (124 kb, Table 1) divided by the total number of valid bands of 67,468 BAC clones (6,005,758 bands) used for the map contig assembly.
Although the number of hits for individual probes varied widely, which may reflect the uneven distribution of the clones constructed with a single enzyme, the average number of hits in a library was close to the expected genome coverage estimated by the library insert sizes and the genome size (Table 1).
Soil compaction percentage was estimated by assessing the degree of inserting any sharpened materials (sharpened trees were used in this study) into the soil in each quadrat.
The rate of empty clones and the average size of the inserts were estimated by a PCR amplification of the inserts from 96 clones, by using primers (M13/24 and M13Raster, see Additional file 2) flanking the vector-cloning sites primer.
The average band size (1.1 kbp) was estimated by dividing the average insert size of the BAC clones by the average number of bands per clone used for fingerprinting.
