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The cost to the economy is estimated by Age UK at £5.3 billion a year.
Human capital, political capital, and social capital all have important impacts on life quality, and in this study, human capital is estimated by age and years of schooling, political capital by their political status, and social capital by the number of their siblings.
Risk ratios were estimated by age groups of 5 year intervals, the four original age groups and by each diagnostic group, in order to investigate any differences between age groups and to uncover if any signals were diluted in the overall estimate by certain diagnostic groups.
Blindness and low vision (LV) prevalence rates were estimated by age and gender.
The empirical mean (standard deviation) of participant level costs were estimated by age group, gender, depression status and condition.
The prevalence of "medicalized" CKD in the general population of Caserta was estimated by age, gender, and calendar year.
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Key laboratory measures were obtained, including complement C3 and C4 levels, anti-dsDNA antibodies (present/absent), amount of proteinuria as estimated by the protein to creatinine ratio (P/C ratio) in a random or 24-hour urine sample, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as estimated by age-appropriate calculation of the creatinine clearance [ 18, 19].
For patients with LN, key laboratory measures were recorded, including complement C3 levels, anti-dsDNA antibodies (present/absent), amount of proteinuria as estimated by the P/C ratio in a random or 24-hour urine sample, serum creatinine, and GFR as estimated by age-appropriate calculation of the creatinine clearance [ 18, 19].
Using these data we estimate by age group the number of women in the cohort who had an excisional treatment in each length category.
Rates estimated by years of age exhibit considerable random variation.
The gestational ages were estimated by menstrual age and ranged from 13 to 22 weeks.
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