Particularly for hardness, precise values were estimated at hmax/l lower than 0.1, i.e. 10% of film thickness.
Worldwide mortality rates from malaria were estimated at 660,000 (lower bound, 490,000; upper bound, 836,000) in 2010 (2).
Circulating biomarkers are easy to measure repeatedly and can typically be estimated at a lower cost than imaging studies.
A symmetrical result was also observed for power, which was estimated at a lower level than the nominal one.
Based on the ITT population, the maximum percentage change from baseline was estimated at −25%% (lower limit of 95 % CI of −24.15 %, −9.39 %; point estimate: −16.77 %).
When the number of clusters is small, type I errors were estimated at a lower level than the nominal one, even with no imbalance in cluster sizes.
The maximum percentage change from baseline in SBP predicted by the model (Table 3) was associated with a clevidipine infusion rate of 16 mg/h and was estimated at −22%% (lower limit of 95%% confidence interval [CI] −22.32 %, −9.53 %; point estimate: −15.93 %).
However, the economic evaluation from a healthcare perspective showed that total costs after 12 months of follow-up were estimated at 23% lower per patient in the on-demand group (€62,741 (US, $86,077)) as compared with a planned-relaparotomy strategy (€81,532 (US, $111,858)).
Last year, net financial flows to Africa were estimated at $208bn , 1.8 lower than in 2014, but remittances increased by 1.2% to to $64bn.
World Energy Outlook 2016 reports that the value of global fossil-fuel consumption subsidies in 2015 was estimated at $325bn£260bnbn), reflecting lower fossil-fuel prices but also a subsidy reform process that has gathered momentum in some countries.
