The error was estimated as standard deviations of the sensitivity values.
Posterior standard errors, estimated as standard deviations between the stored rounds of Gibbs sampler, are given in brackets.
The magnitude of the change, estimated as standard deviations in the final column of Table 4, is medium to large (Cohen, 1988).
The mean signal is then estimated as with standard deviation estimated via uncertainty propagation as as displayed in the bar graphs of Figures 4 c, 5c, and 6c.
MID, estimated as 0.5 times standard deviation, was 2.3 for HHS physical function (range 0-44) and 3.4 for HHS pain scales (range 0-46) compared to 3.2 for SF-36 physical function (range 0-100) and 14.9 for SF-36 bodily pain (range 0-100) subscales.
Generally, if the scaled absolute residuals appear to show no trend with gestational age, the SD is estimated as the standard deviation of the unscaled residuals (measurements minus the estimated mean curve).
Then, we could determine reliable temperatures with an accuracy of about 10 40 K which is estimated as the standard deviation of ten fringe temperatures.
The noise was estimated as the standard deviation of the real part of the signal, multiplied by the square root of the number of repetitions of the MRSI.
For this purpose, the uncertainty was estimated as the standard deviation of the sample of observed chemical shifts on which the prediction is based (see Chemical shift prediction above), multiplied by the following factor: 1 + n^{ - I/2}where n is the size of the sample and I is the index of the current iteration (see Learning below).
The repeatability of the tested RT enzymes in reverse transcription was estimated as the standard deviation (sd) of intra-assay quantification cycle (Cq) variance, while the reproducibility (inter-assay variability) was measured as the coefficient of variation (cv) of an estimated copy number between different runs.
