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Extracted prodigiosin was estimated as per the following equation (Slater et al. 2003).
The dependent factors are to be estimated as per the Eqs. 1, 4, 5 and 6.
Based on the monitored parameters, fitness function (Fi) of each particle is estimated as per Equation 9: F i = α 1 * LT M i + α 2 * LT N i + α 3 * β i (9).
The average annual incidence rate was estimated as per 1000 person-years (PYs).
Estimated as per Equation (8) is used to update state dependent means.
Tumour dimensions were measured by calliper every 5 days and volume was estimated as per: V=length × width × height × 0.5236.
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Allelic dropout and false allele error rates can be estimated as per-genotype probabilities, but here we treat them as per-allele probabilities.
To assess the impact of the new organised screening programme, we computed the number of cancer cases under different screening frequencies by applying the risk reduction estimates as per the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
The level of DNA polymorphism was estimated as the per-site nucleotide diversity (π: [40]), and nucleotide divergence between species as K, the number of per-site substitutions corrected according to Jukes and Cantor [41].
Gene expressions were estimated as fragment per kilobase of exon per million reads (FPKM) by cufflinks.
Tsetse flies were trapped at the time of sampling using baited stationary traps and apparent tsetse density estimated as flies per trap per day (FTD).
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