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whereas, assuming independence for different colluders, the probability of detecting at least a colluder can be estimated as in (44).
The GBLUP were estimated as in Ødegård et al. [ 6] using the BLUP estimation procedure of marker effects [ 5].
Surface coverage ( theta ) was estimated as in Eq. 5.
where the numerator and denominator of Equation (4) are estimated as in Equation (1).
The equivalent symbol-spaced channel length was estimated as in moving-source transmission.
In this solution, the noise correlation is estimated as in [5].
Thus, the true values of the phases are estimated as in the MEDLL algorithm [27].
Once ω ̂ is obtained by solving (19), the phase-difference is estimated as in (8) to (11).
Risks of CO2 pipeline failure have been estimated as in the range of 1.2 × 10−4 to 6.1 × 10−4 km–1 yr.
Then ({text{c}}widetilde{text{o}}{text{v}}_{b} left( {{hat{mathbf{b}}}} right),b = 1, ldots,B) is estimated as in (3).
with κ denoting a parameter to compensate for the bias due to the recursive smoothing in the log domain in (29) and is estimated as in [25].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com