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In order to analyse a relative rate of substitution, this estimate was normalized by the depth of the ancestral node known from the 12-species phylogeny [ 34], measured as the frequency of synonymous substitutions per 4-fold degenerate site.
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This inverse solution is a minimum norm procedure [36], where the source dipoles are constrained to lie in the reconstructed cortical surfaces [27], and the estimate is normalized for noise sensitivity so that statistical significance rather than dipole moment is mapped on the cortical surface.
These SCN volume estimates were normalized to volume calculations based on Nissl staining, and show no significant difference between the volume prescribed by little SAAS vs. Nissl staining (p>0.95; data not shown).
Cytokine concentrations estimated were normalized to the mg total protein.
The SE estimates are normalized such that for each probe set, the median standard error across all arrays is equal to 1. Since most genes are not expected to be differentially expressed, boxplots for each array should be centered around 1. Samples with a median GNUSE of greater than 1.25 were flagged for downstream analysis.
First, the estimated PSD is normalized to estimate f ^ d then due PSD symmetry, PSD is folded (folded PSD is plotted in Figure 2).
The absolute value for measured CrCl (24hU-CrCl) was normalized for estimated body surface area (according to DuBois formula).
The CrCl measured by 24-hr UV/P creatinine and estimated by Cockcroft's equation was normalized by body surface area, as recommended by KDOQI guidelines [ 1].
Both the parameters and estimated meters are normalized using utility functions and combined into a single measure of fitness. 5.
For CN signals based on SNP probes, it is only total CN estimates that are normalized; relative allele signals ('raw genotypes') are left unchanged.
The resulting prompt gamma estimate is then normalized to counts outside the patient body, in order to obtain a more accurate correction.
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