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The parameter estimator can estimate up to 52 model parameters in order to validate the process model by reducing process model mismatch.
Arranging the pilot symbols according to (14), such that the subsampled DCT basis functions remain orthogonal, reduces the BER degradation as compared to the case of a preamble/postamble or midamble pilot symbol arrangement with estimation of only the time-average; in addition, the configuration (14) allows to estimate up to DCT coefficients with a reduced computational complexity.
Some historians estimate up to 250,000 people were subjected to experiments.
Activists estimate up to 13,000 people have died in the violence.
Councils estimate up to 1,000 properties in Kendal and 600 in Egremont will be under threat.
Only after creating this estimate will the forecasters use their knowledge of the specific situation to adjust that estimate up or down, Hatch says.
The most recent forecasts estimate up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) of snow will pummel the area between New York and Maine by Saturday – an accumulation that would be one of the largest ever for a single storm.
Yesterday, according to the group's estimate, up to 5,000 supporters turned up to celebrate the anniversary and protest at the government's plans to renew the Trident nuclear weapons system, in the largest demonstration at the site for two decades.
Despite the obvious care and attention of those in charge, the conditions are far from ideal and many of the documents, some analysts estimate up to 40 per cent, have been damaged.
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Having two samples that are close temporally can yield relatively low precision (Wang and Whitlock 2003) while having two samples that are separated by many generations, biases the estimate up-ward (Richards and Leberg 1996; Luikart et al. 1999).
The period approach was developed to solve the problem and enabled us to estimate up-to-date long-term survival using recently followed-up data (Fig. 1, dashed black line box).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com