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To estimate total variance attributable to genotype, we used REML-based estimation [ 70, 71].
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The explained variance (σ LP 2 ) can subsequently be estimated by subtracting τ ^ intercept 2 and σ ^ error 2 from the estimated total variance.
The ICC indicates the temporal reproducibility of repeated measures and is computed by dividing the estimate of the between-person variance by the estimated total variance.
The ICC indicates the temporal reproducibility of repeated measures and is computed by dividing the estimate of the between-subject variance by the estimated total variance.
The percent of variation explained by the fixed effects in the model was estimated by comparing the estimated total variance from the fitted model to the estimated total variance from the model that specified no fixed effects [ 13], and residual plots were used to confirm that models did not violate analytic assumptions.
R, the percent of variance explained by the fixed effects in the model, is estimated by 1 – (estimated total variance for full model/estimated total variance for reduced model), where the reduced model contains only the intercept.
Figures 2 and 3 give two other perspectives on this. Figure 2 shows that as M increases, τ2 varies randomly, while (i) the average of the within study variances; (ii) the estimated total variance (under the model), and (iii) the observed total variance, all decrease rapidly with increasing M. Using the same data, Figure 3 shows how I2 behaves.
This simulation study shows that GBLUP-I1 and GBLUP-I2 can accurately estimate total genetic variance and perform well for the prediction of total genetic values.
Although this alternative method relies on the violated assumption that the 2100 animals in the analysis are unrelated, these additional results indicate that the applied method to estimate total haplotype variance directly from the estimated haplotype effects needs further verification.
However, adding one extra dimension allows one to estimate the total variance with the same Sparse Grid, which often increases accuracy [18].
Although it is tempting to estimate a total variance by summing all models, all interaction models were independently fit.
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