Depending on estimates of weather patterns, demand for animal food or general geopolitical pressures the price will rise or fall.
2) Estimates from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research's (NIWA) "Virtual Climate Station Network" (VCSN) (Cichota et al. 2008; Tait et al. 2006), a grid of points at approximately 5 km spacing across New Zealand where daily estimates of weather variables are modelled.
Staff at NIWA interpolate between meteorological stations to provide daily estimates of weather at 5 km by 5 km grid points throughout New Zealand (Tait et al. 2006), and this is known as the Virtual Climate Station Network (VCSN).
Two alternative estimates of weather data were available: 1) Data from the nearest available NIWA meteorological station were adjusted for differences in elevation, latitude and distance from the sea.
Even with the rather crude estimates of weather, climate, soil and nutrient deposition that were used, the strict shape of the growth curve, and the exclusion of the known good predictors age, latitude and altitude, we were able to explain between 10%and53%3% of the variation in diameter growth of individual trees of the main European tree species and species groups.
This could be a consequence of hierarchical Bayes credible intervals that may be too narrow (because the fully Bayesian procedure is replaced by an approximation that ignores estimates of weather and time-trend parameters in the second-stage analyses), in addition to subsampling CIs that are too wide (conservative), as suggested by our simulations.
The data are interpolated onto a two-dimensional spline providing the "best estimate" of daily weather variables on a 5-×5-km grid.
Second, the estimated effects of weather on mortality may have been influenced by the age structure, sociodemographic characteristics, and environmental conditions of each population.
It may also be the case that a reasonable series of contemporary weather data in a particular location will enable local estimates of past weather to be made in a relatively precise manner.
Finally, without spatio-temporally accurate population data, we cannot directly estimate the influence of weather on levels of usage of public space (see Malleson & Andresen 2015).
