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An estimate of the normalized (with respect to the bandwidth) rate achieved by stream at slot is (9).
The quantity n x /n (h d c d) is the kernel density estimate f̂ U (x) (where U means the uniform kernel ) computed with the hypersphere S h(x), and thus we can write expression (4) as: which yields, Expression (7) shows that an estimate of the normalized gradient can be obtained by computing the sample mean shift in a uniform kernel centered on x.
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Figures 7 and 8 show that only rough estimates of the normalized bistatic delay (τ B) and Doppler are produced.
We now explain how estimates of the normalized isophote and gradient directions are extracted from the original noisy image using the linear structure tensor (Section 2.2.1), as well as how this image is separated into oriented and non-oriented regions (Section 2.2.2).
Using just the inlier subset, a trimmed version of PST gives an estimate of normalized surface normal n ̂ and albedo α via n ~ = A ( ω 0 ) † L ( ω 0 ) ; α = ∥ n ~ ∥, n ̂ = n ~ / α (13).
Then SAS 9.1 (PROC UNIVARIATE) was applied to estimate the density function of the normalized GI50 values using a normal kernel estimation procedure with an optimal bandwidth estimated at 0.2467 and an asymptotic mean integrated squared error (AMISE) of 0.0206.
The MCIoT system performance is estimated in terms of the normalized energy consumption, application execution time, and QoS satisfaction probability under various offered computation loads.
The C-RAN system performance is estimated in terms of the normalized payoff, C-RAN resource efficiency, system fairness, and QoS satisfaction probability.
Figure 5 DET curves estimated in mean of the normalized kurtosis, MFCC- based GMM algorithm (16 Gaussian mixtures), and two- stage classifier.
Figure 4 ROC curves estimated in mean of the normalized kurtosis, MFCC- based GMM algorithm (16 Gaussian mixtures), and two- stage classifier.
The absorbed doses in 25 target organs of the adult male phantom were estimated from the normalized number of disintegrations of source organs by implementing the Medical Internal Radiation Dose method using OLINDA/EXM (Vanderbilt University) [39].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com