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(1) First, a multi-taper estimate of spectrum density (Mitra and Pesaran, 1999 ; Thomson, 1982 ) of the most recent sound segment (5 ms duration) is calculated.
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In addition to robust estimates of spectra and dynamic spectra for signals with complex structure, the multitaper framework also provides robust estimates of time and frequency derivatives of the spectrogram, which we use as the starting point for the computations of song features other than amplitude [12].
With an estimate of noise spectrum E { ∣ V ̂ i ∣ 2 }, signal spectrum S ~ i can be computed as S ~ i = ∣ S ~ i ∣ e jarg [ E i ], (31).
Despite some limitations in methodology, COPCORD provides a fair estimate of the spectrum and extent of rheumatic MSK disorders.
This confirms that the proposed algorithm removes exclusively AGC noise and thus is able to provide a good estimate of the spectrum occupancy.
The advantage of this method is that the model gives a smooth estimate of the spectra of the close-speaking microphone speech.
The IAA-APES algorithm [35] is an iterative and non-parametric algorithm that provides an estimate of a spectrum-like function pIAA ‒ APES of the data snapshot on an assigned set Ω of possible spatial frequencies.
The SPICE algorithm is an iterative algorithm that, as the previous two algorithms, provides an estimate of a spectrum-like function pSPICE of the data snapshot on an assigned set Ω of possible spatial frequencies.
The estimate of the noise spectrum is derived from the noisy signal spectrum.
These frequency-sampling points describe the optimization region in which the estimates of the spectrum values resulting from the spectral superposition of the data subcarriers (DCs) and the CCs have to be calculated.
The model parameters are fine-tuned to conform to the population discharge patterns in the auditory nerve which are then used to derive estimates of the spectrum on a frame-by-frame basis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com