Poverty mapping uses small area estimation techniques to estimate levels of deprivation (poverty, undernutrition) across small geographic domains within a country.
Because prior to this study no fixed differences between Neandertal and present-day humans in the nuclear genome were known, we used two alternative strategies to estimate levels of nuclear contamination.
Assumptions about the relevant spatial and temporal relations are used to estimate levels of electrical activity in small regions of the brain corresponding to pixels in the finished image.
The aim of this survey was to: 1. Estimate levels vaccination coverage for annual flu and MMR vaccines among hospital-based health care workers; 2. Explore the reasons behind low vaccination rates; and 3. Identify potential practical and policy solutions.
For quantitative traits, we demonstrate, using the Haseman-Elston method, (1) the same inflation in type I error, in the absence of an appropriate correction, and (2) the inadequacy of permutation tests to estimate levels of significance when all phenotypic values are permuted, irrespective of gender.
The researchers then used a statistical model to estimate levels and trends in abortion incidence for all major world regions and subregions from 1990 to 2014.
Finally, autosomal microsatellites have been used extensively to estimate levels of genetic diversity [9] [11].
We used whole genome shot-gun sequence data from six inbred lines of D. simulans from the Drosophila Population Genomics Project [9] to estimate levels of polymorphism within D. simulans and divergence between D. simulans and D. melanogaster (Methods).
Secondly, by applying species diversity values from our systematic survey of characterized, cultured dinoflagellates to environmental samples, we can estimate levels of natural diversity and gauge how much natural diversity is represented in culture collections.
Our long-term prospective study provided an opportunity to estimate levels of retention and their predictors using a modeling approach in the context of various HIV prevention and research program related scenarios such as those described below.
In order to estimate levels of mutant overexpression, which cannot be compared to wild type cells as for Armadillo and E-Cadherin, we defined "lateral" and "central" domains of overexpression, reflecting strength of the dppGAL4 driver expression (high centrally, lower laterally, see Materials and Methods).
