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Two recent meta-analyses concluded that MP-MRI has a high negative predictive value for the detection of CS cancers [16, 17], and it has been shown previously that MP-MRI can estimate grade of PCa compared to histopathology results with a reasonable degree of accuracy [18].
No co-factors were included, and the correlation coefficient that was used gave an imprecise effect estimate (Grade 2).
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We have demonstrated, using the Bayesian latent trait model, a way by which to estimate both the performance of raters, via estimated grade boundary parameters, and the marginal distributions of ratings given to each sample.
The number of immunopositive cells was semi-quantitatively estimated: grade +, 5 10% positive cells; grade ++, 11 50% positive cells; and grade +++, > 50% positive cells.
As already noted, rater 156 tends to under-estimate grades compared to the majority, while rater 143 tends to over-estimate.
Staining intensity positivity of HAS2 in the epithelium was estimated grading it into three categories: 1 (weak); 2 (moderate); and 3 (strong).
Studies showed that there was a distinct negative relation between students' estimated grade-point average and the tendency to engage in cheating behavior [ 13, 22].
The REALM test is a previously validated instrument that uses an objective scoring system to assign a grade-range estimate of literacy (grade 0 to 6, grade 7 to 8, or grade 9 and above) [ 8].
Latitude, longitude, and elevation were used to estimate road grade using a methodological approach reported elsewhere [36].
All the research work aims at providing a means to estimate the grade of service (GoS) measured in network connectivity probability.
The approach was derived from the relationship between correlation coefficient index and abrupt change, and can estimate and grade the significance levels of abrupt changes in hydrological time series.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com