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We estimate expansion rates of groundwater-irrigated land to be >10% per year in the Cambodian Delta using LANDSAT satellite data and simulate the effects of future expansion on groundwater levels over a 25-year period.
Subsequently, we determined colony forming unit (CFU) potential to estimate expansion of HPC.
Mismatch frequency distribution analyses of COI HG1 and HG2 had higher P values associated with the geographic rather than with the demographic expansion model (Additional file 1: Table S5), and thus, the geographic model was used to estimate expansion times for the five northern sites of the COI HG1 and all COI HG2 data.
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US growth figures are due to be published on Friday, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimating expansion of 2.4% for the year.
Such estimated expansion into more carbon-rich land cover such as grasslands or forest is the focus of recent research into the contributions of indirect land use changes (ILUC) to the GHG impacts of biofuels.
The estimated expansion times could be overestimated more than 10 times because of the recent events (< 0.1 Myr B.P). [ 33].
38 The work by Meltzer and others 39 estimated expansion factors of 10 27 to project the number of dengue cases based on reported cases through 1994.
The validity of the estimated expansion model is tested by the distribution of the sum of square deviations (SSD) between observed and expected values obtained by the parametric bootstrap approach [ 48].
We calculated the time in generations since population expansion (t) using estimated expansion parameters and the equation τ = 2 μ t (τ = coalescent time in mutations, μ = mutation rate/locus/year based on our Bayesian cyt b rate estimate; see Results); t was converted to time in years using generation time.
Based on a 3% Myr-1 rate of substitution for COI, the estimated expansion times derived from the mismatch distribution's τ values were 124000 years ago for the five northern sites of HG1 and 69000 years ago for HG2 (Additional file 1: Table S5).
Estimated expansions were 124000 (COI HG1) and 69000 (COI HG2) years ago, during the last interglacial and sea level high-stand (MIS 5).
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