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Our strategy for measuring cause of illness-specific spending and adjusting for the presence of comorbidities uses a regression-based framework to estimate excess spending due to comorbidities.
Based upon Sharpe (1964), and linter (1965) CAPM, Michael Jensen used Jensen's Alpha in 1970 to estimate excess returns earned by a security or a fund.
We estimate excess cash using the results from fixed effect models because, as Dittmar and Mahrt-Smith (2007) argues, unknown firm fixed-effect could affect a firm's cash policy.
Table 1 describes three potential scenarios for future shale gas exploitation in the UK and shows the results of analysis using work by McKenzie et al. [1] to estimate excess cancer cases caused by each scenario.
‡Model baseline to estimate excess deaths excluded the high-death months of Sep 1917 Mar 1918.
We used multistate models to estimate excess length-of-stay (LOS).
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The figures, which have since been given wide circulation, were based on calculations made by Sir Brian Jarman, the inventor of a formula for estimating excess deaths in hospitals, called the HSMR (hospital standardised mortality ratio).
Average annual runoff and recharge are highest in locations with the greatest estimated excess water, generally in locations where annual snowpack is highest, such as in the Sierra Nevada and Trinity Mountains.
The estimated "excess" HIV prevalence due to ART in 2008 was highest among women 25 years and older and among men 30 years and older.
The estimated excess deaths from both studies were statistically significant.
These estimates reflect estimated excess risks of mortality on heat wave days defined using HWD_Tavg (Table 1).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com