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An estimate equal to the sum of products of weights of oriented edges that constitute contour is suggested as a measure of the degree of closure in ecosystems.
The iterative algorithm stems from the rather intuitive observation that a better estimate of the required initial shape can be obtained by adding a correction to the previous shape estimate equal to the computed mismatch in the deformed shapes.
During this time, the best estimate is to set the noise estimate equal to the input spectrum.
For social deer we obtained a MCMC estimate equal to 25.2±0.66 m.
Significant heterogeneity was found among the human studies with a random-effects pooled estimate equal to 1.73 (95% C.I.: 1.22 - 2.34) before bias adjustment.
Using results from proxy SNPs that are in almost complete linkage disequilibrium with each other, the CARDIoGRAM and C4D studies provide a joint SORT1 per-allele risk estimate equal to 1.12 (1.12–1.12).
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The null hypothesis that the DTC estimate equals to the ITC estimate was tested by Z statistic Z BC = ω BC V a r ω BC If the absolute value of Z BC is greater than 1.96, the observed inconsistency is considered to be statistically significantly different from zero.
At 77 K and pressure of 1 MPa, on such an adsorbing surface, the excess hydrogen physisorption is estimated equal to ∼7.0wt%.
The sample size of the set composed by model years with global mean temperature at 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 4 °C warming has been estimated equal to 115, 115 and 116, respectively.
The mean value of COD was estimated equal to 100 g/L during the experimental period.
To date, 71% of S&P 500 companies have beaten analysts' Q4 earnings estimates, equal to the five-year average, FactSet said.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com