Three computer models including ORIGEN-ARP, AMUSE, and SYNTH were used in series to predict spent nuclear fuel composition, estimate element partitioning during separation, and simulate spectra from product and raffinate streams using a variety of gamma detectors, respectively.
Sampling design and sampling weights were taken into account to estimate element concentrations in tap water supplied to the 3,581,991 homes of 4,923,058 children aged 6 months to 6 years.
In this paper, we developed indices representing specific socioeconomic domains that can be reproduced in other areas to estimate elements of the neighborhood socioeconomic environment on health outcomes, specifically preterm birth.
A fully nonlinear beam-column element estimates element deformations by numerical integration of the section deformations.
Other distinguishing characteristics of the LTR retrotransposon sequences identified in this study are presented in Table 1 (see Additional file: 1), including clone accession numbers, chromosomal location, sequence length, target site repeats (TSRs), LTR pairwise identities and estimated element age.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 contain the estimated elements of G for each storm as well as mean value and standard deviation, obtained by analysis of all events.
initialize elements of HMMD, calculate using (A.6) and (A.7) (save the two tables: and ), calculate using (A.4) and (A.5), re-estimate elements of HMMD using (A.9)–(A.10), terminate if stop condition is satisfied, else go to step (2).
A summary of the Baum-Welch training algorithm is as follows: (1) initialize elements of HMMD, (2) calculate using (A.6) and (A.7) (save the two tables: and ), (3) calculate using (A.4) and (A.5), (4) re-estimate elements of HMMD using (A.9)–(A.10), (5) terminate if stop condition is satisfied, else go to step (2). .
Then, we apply this method to estimate sparse element concentration matrices of placental biopsies from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.
To get the most precise reading from their new clock, the researchers directly counted individual protactinium atoms with a new mass-spectrometric technique, instead of trying to estimate the element's abundance by measuring its own slow decay.
I estimate each element could raise maybe $35 billion a year worldwide, assuming an extra 10% tax rate on banks and a bonus tax similar to that adopted by the UK in 2009.
