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It was also evaluated for confounding by using the percent change in estimate criterion: |ln(CoRR)|*100>10%, where |ln(CoRR)| = |ln(crude OR adjusted OR)|*100 [46].
We evaluated confounding by these covariates using backward selection with a 10% change in estimate criterion.
Confounding was evaluated by these covariates using backward selection from the full model identified by our causal diagram with a 10% change in estimate criterion.
The popular 'change in estimate criterion' considers a change of >10% as indicative of substantial confounding by a candidate variable, indicating that it should be retained in either a stratified analysis or a multivariate regression model of the studied association.
Covariates in multivariable models were chosen for their clinical relevance and strong bivariate associations (p≤0.05) with lung function or change in effect estimate criterion of >10% after addition to the model and included age, height, race, pack-years of cigarette smoking, smoking status (dichotomised as current vs ex-smokers and never smokers) and body mass index (BMI).
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The method can estimate criteria weight sensitivity by changing the relative importance scales between criteria in an AHP pairwise comparison matrix (PCM).
This resulted in five different ways to estimate criteria weights.
These were selected for inclusion in the final model on a change in estimate criteria for white blood cell count, on which basis longest held occupation, leg length, seated height, alcohol use and physical activity were dropped.
For each outcome variable, three models of regression were performed: 1) Crude Model with no confounding variables, 2) Complete Model including all potential confounders and 3) Simple Model including only confounders that met the change-of-estimate criterion set at 20%[30]0].
An estimating criterion of the annual soil loss of a given return period was also developed.
Confounder selection was based on biologic plausibility and on the change-in-estimate criterion.
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