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High ester purity (>99%) and efficiency (up to >90% HMF ester recovery) were observed.
The highest biodiesel yield (87% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.7%) was obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6 1, KOH catalyst of 0.075 mol/L in methanol, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, a temperature of 50 °C, and a reaction time of 5 h.
When stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were fixed at 700 rpm, 60 °C and 4 h respectively, highest biodiesel yield (80% with a fatty acid methyl ester purity of 99.9%) and optimum biodiesel quality were obtained with a methanol to seed ratio of 6 1 and 0.075 mol/L KOH in methanol.
In the base-catalyzed transesterification (second-step) of pilot-scale process, the 98.65 wt.% of methyl ester purity was achieved when the following condition: 20 vol.% MeOH, 8 gKOH L−1 oil, and 60 min reaction time at 60 °C, was used to produce biodiesel.
DHA ethyl ester (purity 97%) was obtained from Bizen Chemical (Okayama, Japan).
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Among lactate esters, high purity propyl lactate and butyl lactate are used to produce fine chemicals and in the synthesis of chiral intermediates for use in pesticides and drugs.
These results indicate the purity of ester end-capped PLLA.
A typical column design has 13 reactive stages with a catalyst loading of 170 kg m−3, temperature profile of 400 440 K, and a space velocity of 0.022 kmol kgcat−1 h−1 for 99.9% purity product ester.
ASA eugenol ester (AEE), transparent crystal (purity: 99.5 % with RE-HPLC), was prepared in Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Drug Development of Agricultural Ministry, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS.
The retention factor (R f ) of N-t-butoxycarbonyl-O-[3-F-fluoropropyl]- α-methyl tyrosine ethyl ester was 0.46 with purity >99%.
Biodiesel obtained from supercritical transesterification with Jatropha curcas oil as feedstock resulting in high purity methyl esters (99.96%) with almost pure glycerol (96.49%) obtained as by-product.
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