Findings from Martin's study [ 36] suggest that, in younger adults, the three factors of the GHQ-12 items refer to self-esteem, stress and successful coping instead of anxiety and depression, social dysfunction and loss of confidence as observed in studies based on a larger age range.
The list of conditions includes anger, anxiety, binge eating, depression, anxiety, obsessions and compulsions, panic, phobias, self-esteem, stress and worry.
GHQ12 consists of 12 questions on recent concentration abilities, sleeping patterns, self-esteem, stress, despair, depression and confidence.
Participants are given a questionnaire to complete, assessing HF/NS frequency and problem rating, beliefs about HF/NS, health-related quality of life, body-image satisfaction, self-esteem, stress, dispositional optimism and somatic amplification.
Findings at time 1 are given in Table 4 and show that there were significant differences between the three groups with regard to self-esteem, performance stress, possibility to participate and peer acceptance at school.
More importantly, caregivers' esteem and caregiving stress were strong predictors of the caregivers' quality of life.
They were: prenatal depression, self esteem, childcare stress, prenatal anxiety, life stress, social support, marital relationship, history of previous depression, infant temperament, maternity blues, marital status, socioeconomic status, and unplanned/unwanted pregnancy [ 13].
13]: Certainly it is hard to argue with a procedure that adds to self-esteem or relieves stress.
"Other emotional issues, such as low self-esteem, anger, stress or sleep problems are also widespread".
Data were collected from PMAO and comparison samples over a three year period to assess changes in out-of-home child placement, independence from formal service providers, integration in the community, levels of perceived social support, self-esteem, perceived stress, parental attitudes and cost savings.
The questionnaire included measures of general life satisfaction, subjective wellbeing, mood, optimism, control, self-esteem, depression, stress and anxiety.
