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For key establishment procedures in multiparty networks like MANETs and mesh networks, where several entities are involved, multiparty authentication protocols should be applied.
The PCC architecture, together with dual-connectivity capability at the UE side, enables us to exploit macro-assisted UE-small cell connection establishment procedures to realize energy savings through small cell sleep modes, without impacting the user QoS.
Macro-assisted small cell connection establishment procedures overcome this discovery issue, since connections of UEs to small cells are systematically handled by the macro BS, which is always aware of the status of small cells connected to it via the backhaul link.
In architectures such as the PCC, where it is assumed that a UE always keeps its connection with a macro cell BS, it is feasible to explore macro-assisted UE small cell connection establishment procedures, as depicted in Fig. 4. Differences between the traditional stand-alone scheme and the macro-assisted scheme are highlighted in red.
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The key establishment procedure is used to establish a secret or key between two communicating parties.
Moreover, since the role of auxiliary nodes is to act as distributed KDC to help ordinary nodes establish pairwise keys, once pairwise key establishment procedure is finished, we can remove all the auxiliary nodes from the networks if we only consider static networks or there is no node addition during network operation.
The access authentication includes a key establishment procedure so that related keys are established between the MN and the Authentication Server (AS).
The proposed route establishment procedure is explained below in details with an example.
Figure 10 depicts the UE-small cell connection establishment procedure using the database-aided scheme.
Note that is strong enough such that it is almost impossible for an adversary to recover it before the key establishment procedure is complete, and the release of after the key establishment procedure does not negatively affect the security of the in-situ key establishment schemes since all sensitive information involved in the key establishment procedure is protected via a different technique.
Fig. 10 Signalling flow of the UE-small cell connection establishment procedure using the database-aided scheme.
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