A conservative divergence time estimate of 31 Ma (95% HPD interval 12 53 Ma) for Arctic and Antarctic L. helicina, indicates that they have undergone rapid independent evolution since the establishment of cold water provinces in the early Oligocene.
In this study, pre-acclimation of zebrafish larvae to mild hypoxia significantly increased the survival rates after lethal cold exposure, indicating the roles of hypoxia-inducible pathways in the establishment of cold resistance in fish.
Since 1996, UNICEF and its partners – including the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Bank and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization – have supplied refrigeration equipment for thousands of immunization posts and supported the establishment of cold-chain maintenance units at public health institutes in five countries in the region.
Hypoxia acclimation increased the survival rate of zebrafish larvae after lethal cold exposure, indicating that hypoxia-inducible signaling pathways play important roles in the establishment of fish cold resistance.
As a result, South Korea became unique among anticommunist countries for "anticommunist films" that constituted an independent genre.5 The form and content of "anticommunist films" changed according to the establishment and collapse of Cold War regimes, stances taken towards North Korea, and influence of Hollywood genre films.
Her lampooning of the literary establishment in the spoof dedication of Cold Comfort Farm to one "Anthony Pookworthy" did not amuse that establishment, who were further offended by the book's mockery of the writing of such canonical figures as Lawrence and Hardy hence Virginia Woolf's reaction to the Prix Étranger award.
Notably, the patterns of gene expression for FAD7/8-1 and FAD7/8-2 were observed for both A and D subgenomic copies, suggesting relatively ancient, predominant establishment of FAD7/8-1 as a cold-responsive gene in cotton.
Last but not least, the U.S.A. upon perceiving Southeast Asia to be a pivotal frontier of the Cold War geopolitics saw the establishment of SEATO as essential to its Cold War containment policy.
In hope of achieving quicker control and more widespread establishment, a cold adapted biotype of the beetle was introduced from Switzerland in 2002 (Littlefield et al. 2008).
If this step is not taken it may become necessary to remove the deep litter in the middle of winter when, because of cold weather, the re-establishment of composting cannot be guaranteed.
Establishment of biological control agents in colder climates (i.e., in Canada) than their area of origin (Myers and Sabath 1980; Murray 1982; Harris 1984) suggests that climatic adaptations may have happened in other agents as well.
