The polarization of a neuron generally results in the formation of one axon and multiple dendrites, allowing for the establishment of neuronal circuitry.
Although the exact mechanism how these short RNA molecules affect axon pathfinding is not yet known, we show here that they are critical for the establishment of the circuitry during the development of the nervous system.
Determining the precise role of netrin-1 receptors in the establishment of mesocorticolimbic circuitry may, therefore, help in understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology.
To address the role of spontaneous retinal activity during the establishment of DS circuitry further, Wei et al. injected muscimol or gabazine to activate or block GABAergic activity and showed that no change was observed in the asymmetric connection between SACs and DSGCs [23].
The co-culture of cortical excitatory with cortical inhibitory neurons and the establishment of functional circuitry might be beneficial when studying epileptic syndromes.
It is also important to note that the precise establishment of neural circuitry during development, as well as the proper regulation and maintenance of synaptic connectivity throughout the lifetime of an animal, is essential for normal brain/cognitive function.
This approach may also be useful in recapitulating human neurodegenerative models that primarily affect brain function as it may allow for the establishment of neuronal circuitry as well as biochemical networks.
The first is axon transection, which results in complete disconnection of the distal axon from the soma and proximal axon regions, and the second is developmental axon pruning, which occurs during establishment of neuronal circuitry [ 7] and in cell culture is often modelled by growth factor withdrawal in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons [ 8].
Interestingly, we show that depletion of oligodendrocytes at postnatal day 1 (profoundlyndly affects the establishment of cerebellar circuitries.
Functional improvement in many models appeared to be caused partially by re-establishment of damaged circuitry and partially by a trophic action of grafts.
