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Delivery devices using liquid vaccine formulations are advantageous, as established vaccine formulations can be used as provided without the need for reformulation.
During its remarkable journey from conception and design in the early 1980s to the multicenter Phase 3 trial currently underway across sub-Saharan Africa, RTS,S has overcome tremendous challenges and disproved established vaccine paradigms.
Although several studies have established vaccine efficacy into adolescence, most are in Asia where the predominant HBV serotypes differ from those in Africa and some 40% of chronic infection is acquired perinatally from the mother, whereas in Africa child-to-child transmission predominates [ 22- 24].
Moreover, our finding that nanoencapsulation improves antigen stability in MNs for a prolonged period at ambient temperatures provides a strong rationale to study the potential of this technology to increase stability of established vaccine antigens at ambient temperatures, thereby obviating the requirement for cold storage.
Incorporation of optimized DSEs into established vaccine formulation and delivery strategies enables rapid development of peptide-based vaccines for protein misfolding diseases.
There is now the opportunity to introduce the approach into established vaccine production, where it has the potential to replace in vivo tests with non-animal tests designed to demonstrate batch quality while maintaining the highest quality standards.
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Introduction: With the advent of new vaccines, improvements in established vaccines, and the availability of new combination vaccines, parents' decisions about vaccinating their children have become more complicated.
Current batch release testing of established vaccines emphasizes quality control of the final product and is often characterized by extensive use of animals.
As perceived risks vary with uncertainty, it cannot be assumed that findings from studies on attitudes about established vaccines for existing diseases can be extrapolated to pandemic situations.
Secondly, for established vaccines, PMS aims to monitor known adverse reactions and if the observed rate exceeds the expected rate, further investigation is required.
Nevertheless, regardless the technical, cultural and financial challenges, systems biology applied to vaccinology represents a primary way to go in order to develop novel vaccines and to re-develop established vaccines, switching from the "empirical" to the "knowledge-based" age of vaccinology.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com