The speaker has already taken ¬p as established in the common ground, and she further talks about her belief in p at a certain contextually salient past time.
The basic architecture of the AIS including the dichotomy of lymphocytes appears to have been established in a common ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates.
The speaker takes ¬p as established in the common ground, and she talks about the attitude holder's wrong belief in p at a certain contextually salient time prior to her utterance.
Such attitudes seem to convey two inferences: (a) that the attitude holder takes p, the prejacent proposition, to be true prior to the utterance, and (b) that the speaker takes ¬p as established in the common ground prior to the utterance.
Because replacement of genes by non-orthologs within the syntenic cluster is highly unlikely, we concluded that, after separation of the line leading to diplonemids, the syntenic pyr gene cluster was established in the common ancestor of kinetoplastids, preceded by their acquisition via LGT.
This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that a set of developmental rules established in the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians is still at work today.
The genes in the second (putatively vertically inherited) and third (putatively horizontally transferred) patterns could have been established in the common ancestor of STX+ and STX− cyanobacteria; however, they were subsequently lost differentially from STX− cyanobacteria.
If the origins of the Clade A and Clade B homologues are from stramenopiles and apicomplexans+, respectively, the first GapC1 genes may have been established in a common ancestor of stramenopiles and alveolates (arrowhead in Figure 2A).
