Sentence examples for established in bulk from inspiring English sources

Multiple exciton generation, the creation of two electron-hole pairs from one high-energy photon, is well established in bulk semiconductors, but assessments of the efficiency of this effect remain controversial in quantum-confined systems like semiconductor nanocrystals.

Much earlier than the arise of UCNPs, UC phenomena have been established in bulk materials with numerous combinations of host and Ln3+ dopants, yet only a few combinations are able to reproduce UC phenomena in the form of colloidal nanocrystals (i.e., UCNPs) mainly due to the synthetic problems, as well as nanosize-induced low emission efficiency.

There is no need to apply the carrier particles again, after the microbes have established in the bulk soil.

Accordingly, the observed surface chemical consequences of Ca-doping are considered to consolidate the p/n nanojunctions consequently established in the material bulk, by retarding recombination of visible light generated electron hole pairs, thus enhancing the heterogeneous photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3.

After the Norman Conquest in 1066, feudal rule was established in Dorset and the bulk of the land was divided between the Crown and ecclesiastical institutions.

The dock had been established in 1886 to bring bulk goods by rail to London, but being nearer the sea and able to accommodate vessels of 50,000 tons, they were more easily converted to the needs of modern container ships in 1968, and so they survived the closure of the inner docks.

Ultra-fast penetration of liquid tracer solution in the sample bulk was established in the radiotracer diffusion experiments.

Fishing equipment and methods improved through the centuries, until bulk fisheries were established in Europe.

On Sept. 28, 1943, at 50, he inherited the bulk of the $140,000,000 fortune his grandfather had established in his famous department store and grounded in Chicago real estate.

Established in 1730, Stephenson Clarke had tried to sell its ships and cut costs in the face of crashing rates for dry bulk shipping on which it relied - transporting cargoes such as coal, grain and iron ore.

Bulk soil cores (n = 77) were collected at the intersections of a 200 × 200-m grid established in the Arnás River Catchment.