The researchers did not try to establish how long the test subjects had been smoking, nor did they try to learn how long it would take the body to repair itself if someone stopped smoking.
The US transport department has demanded that Toyota hand over documents related to the recalls so that it can establish how long the firm was aware of the acceleration problem before it started recalling defective vehicles.
Or is it some sort of social experiment, to establish how long it takes before anthropologists can report a new British variation on sympathetic finger-bowl drinking, of politely cheering when a solitary tourist cheers at a smashed glass, so as to alleviate his or her social embarrassment?
For this study, it is important to establish how long after treatment the CCβ concentration level is reached; in other words, how long after treatment the hair sample is 'non-compliant'.
This data will be analysed to establish any differences between the two intervention facilities in game play time, and also to establish how long each resident is playing the game.
Where possible, the Principal Investigators from the studies identified were contacted by email or phone, to establish how long it had taken to recruit care homes, how many had been approached, and what, in their views, had facilitated and inhibited care home involvement.
To establish how long MitoTimer could be detected in the mitochondria following a 1 h Dox pulse, HEK 293 Tet-On cells were transfected with pTRE-tight-MitoTimer plasmid, and 24 h later exposed to Dox for 1 h followed by PBS wash and fresh media without Dox.
Next, to determine whether the removal of BET proteins by PROTAC treatment is reversible, and to establish how long it would take for cells to reverse the effect, we treated HeLa cells for 4 h with 1 μM of MZ1, removed the compound from the media, and then monitored protein levels over a period of 48 h.
While our findings add to the evidence base that exposure to socio-economic disadvantage in early childhood matters, further studies are needed to establish how long the exposure needs to last and to clarify pathways.There are at least three possible pathways.
