Sentence examples for established hallmark from inspiring English sources

Although microvascular cell death is a well established hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, which is a major cause of vision loss, much remains to be learned about the functional changes that precede the onset of morphological damage to retinal blood vessels.

While the accumulation of cytosolic β-catenin is an established hallmark of Wnt signaling, it is also appreciated that β-catenin transcriptional activity can be observed in the absence of robust nuclear accumulation.

Inflammation is a clear hallmark of age-associated comorbidities, and immune activation is a well established hallmark of HIV infection.

Aberrant methylation, including hyper-methylation of CGIs is an established hallmark of cancer (Baylin and Jones, 2011).

However, the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion body (Lewy body), which is an established hallmark of Parkinson disease, is not observed consistently in animal models.

One mechanism implicated in recurrence is the evasion of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death whose loss represents an established hallmark of cancer.

Only the fully formulated MF59 emulsion induces all the established hallmarks of innate and adaptive immune activation, which includes activation of genes indicative of transendothelial cell migration, strong influx of immune cells into the injection site and their enhanced antigen uptake and transport to the lymph nodes.

Exacerbated activation of glutamate receptor-coupled calcium channels and subsequent increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) are established hallmarks of neuronal cell death in acute and chronic neurological diseases.

The SOD1 G93A mouse displays astrocyte and microglial activation, which are established hallmarks of a CNS inflammatory response [ 6], and are well-recognised in individuals with ALS [ 7– 9].

Altered calcium flux is a well established cellular hallmark of exposure to SMF [21]; the first objective of the current study was to verify that this endpoint – previously observed in lymphocytes, HepG2, U937, HeLa, COS7, and hEBD lines [8], [21] – was affected by magnetic exposure in PC12 cells.

A glucose-tolerant (GT) derivative of this strain was used for genome sequencing at Kazusa DNA Research Institute in 1996, which established a hallmark in the study of cyanobacteria.