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At pressures p > 4 bar, homogeneous combustion was largely controlled by flame propagation characteristics due to the near-wall confinement of the established flames.
The analysis specifically focuses on the "light-around" mechanisms that intervene at the start, ensuring flame spreading from one injector to the next, eventually leading to established flames on each injector.
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Hodder & Stoughton is dropping the Coronet, New English Library and more recently established Flame lists; the books will simply carry the Hodder name.
Results show that the heat flux to the preheating region varies considerably in time — contradicting often employed assumptions used in established flame spread theories.
Experimental boundary conditions were chosen to establish flames with a hole centered at the axis of symmetry, the location where the largest strain rate occurs, in order to investigate the structure of the edge flame established at the outer periphery of the hole.
Based on the basic relationship established among flame synthesis condition-material property-cell performance, a highly efficient DSSC was designed, which shows photocurrent densities better than some of the best performing cells reported to date.
The high-temperature stage of ignition establishes edge flames that have a hybrid premixed/autoignition flame structure similar to that previously observed for lifted laminar flames at similar thermochemical conditions.
Following ignition, the high-temperature kernels expand and engulf the stoichiometric mixture-fraction iso-surface which in turn establish edge flames which propagate along the iso-surface.
The reaction progress variable approach, which is established for isenthalpic flames, is extended to the present nonisenthalpic flames by including mean and mean square mixture fraction equations.
Fire requires stoking; to establish eternal flame, wood, gas or brush must be continually available for consumption.
We examined the soot microstructures for two flames established at ϕ="∞ (i.e., nonpremixed) and 5.
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