Mr. Loest is especially keen on companies with what he calls disruptive technology or business models that can overturn established dominant companies.
But the winners who had already taken all -- companies that had established dominant positions in important markets and were earning real money from those positions -- continued to be valued at many times their earnings.
When possible, nimble organizations that meet the challenges of a new environment can establish a strong position in the market before the established, dominant entities are able to enter the scene.
We suggest that, in mature industries experiencing strong discontinuities and high technological uncertainty, entrants' business models initially tend to fit into the industry's established dominant logic and its value chains remain unchanged.
To further characterize differences between dengue strains, we devised a displacement index interpreted as the capability of a newly introduced strain to displace the established, dominant circulating strain.
For example, BRCA2 and APC are well established dominant disease genes for breast/ovarian cancer and colon cancer, respectively.
However, human knockouts for BRCA2 (primordial dwarfism) and APC (severe limb malformation) have astonishingly different phenotypes from those of the established dominant phenotype in haploinsufficient individuals [ 1, 2].
