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The key comparison was for the degree of concordance between ratings of 'sub-syndromal or attenuated states' (stage 1) versus later established disorders (stages 2-4); ii) second, the ratings derived from a consensus pair were compared with that derived by an independent rater from our research team.
Evidence for and speculations about a role for neurogenic inflammation in established disorders such as asthma, rhinitis, contact dermatitis, migraine headache, and rheumatoid arthritis are presented.
It is possible that rates are even higher in those with more established disorders who present to other more specialised mental health or emergency forms of care.
Those with 'attenuated syndromes' reported positive responses at rates comparable to those with more established disorders (35% vs. 34%; χ(1,347) = 0.0, p = 0.87).
The lack of major difference (i.e. 35.1% vs. 34.3%; [χ(1,347) = 0.0, p = 0.87]) between those classed as being at stage 1b (i.e. attenuated syndromes) versus stage 2/3 (discrete or established disorders) is notable.
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Eddie Dunford, the brash, callow reporter played by Andrew Garfield in the first of the three films, "Red Riding: 1974," is only the first to question the established disorder.
ADHD is an established disorder in childhood with child and adolescent mental health or paediatric services for ADHD available across most of Europe.
Here, a cutoff of 0.4 was used to establish disorder or order.
We examined only established medical disorders that were considered to be as, or less, severe than recently medicalized disorders.
Separate analyses of newly recognized and established medical disorders is warranted in order to establish the specific role of medical language in both of these categories of disorders.
Newsom-Davis's extensive analyses of myasthenia and related diseases established these disorders as prototype auto-immune conditions, and hence his work had wide implications right across biology and medicine.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com