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An established coding frame [ 13] was adapted by one researcher and then revised by a second.
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The pre-established coding frame utilized was aligned to Moore et al. (2015) STEM definition to be "the content and practices of disciplinary knowledge which include science and/or mathematics through the integration of the practices of engineering and engineering design of relevant technologies".
Reynolds would rather not observe the established codes.
However, we did establish reliability of the coding frame by comparing the results of coding of the main rater to an independent assessor for one full workshop (two sessions), and a random check of 10% of the remaining coding by the independent researcher confirmed agreement.
Transcripts were reread and coded by EAB and TV after the final coding frame was established.
An initial coding frame structure was established from a priori knowledge about the topic, including the following thematic categories: health risks to children; adults and primary carers; environment; policy responses; societal and cultural factors.
In order to ensure the reliability of the qualitative analysis, the application of the coding frame by independent researchers will be periodically cross checked to establish a degree of uniformity.
Coding results were then discussed, and the coding frame and guidelines were modified until agreement of at least 80% was established on the occurrence of BCTs and the relevant text for each, as recommended by Lombard et al. 24 After reliable coding was established, SDF coded the remaining transcripts.
Rather, in keeping with established practise in qualitative research [ 17], the above iterative approach was viewed as an effective means of refining the emerging coding frame based on fresh insights gleaned from the independent perspectives of the authors.
At the end of this process the researcher has a coding frame that 'fits' the data (rather than trying to make the data 'fit' the coding frame).
We set I frame for the first coding frame and P frame for the second frame.
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