The large observed differences in the effectiveness of different science teaching practices and the similarity of those differences across disciplines (Freeman et al., 2014) can be explained in terms of the basic principles of complex learning that have been established by the learning sciences (Bransford et al., 2000; Ambrose et al., 2010; Wieman, 2012).
Second, it has been suggested that motor activation during perception is established by association learning (Heyes, 2010).
In the case of the chocolate brand logos that we used, the association between the predictive cues (i.e., the logos) and reinforcers (e.g., delicious chocolate) has likely been established by previous learning experiences of our participants.
The association between the colour and the probability of reward was not given explicitly beyond the direction of increasing risk (from blue to red) but, rather, established by feedback learning during a practice block before the experiment proper began so as not to bias responding by a priori notions about the set probabilities.
Consistent with these previous studies, the current findings indicate that new neural representations between sound and visual motion perception can be established by unconscious perceptual learning.
A plaintiff need no longer meet the severe "ordinary observer" test established by Judge Learned Hand in Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Martin Weiner Corp., 274 F.2d 487 (2d Cir.1960).
Different early olfactory associative learning established by offering a scented sugar solution leaded to different extinction responses in 17-day-old bees.
Introduced to Scotland by local pianist Tom Finlay, Morrison is steeped in the traditions established by Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday and Carmen McRae, but she learned a vaudevillian playfulness as a child, and has never lost the sense that the audience is as important to the show as anything onstage.
Hence, a maturity model for learning factories will be developed with the morphology on learning factories, established by the international community, as starting point.A deriveddescription model merges design levels, dimensions and elements and is the basis for the maturity model.
HR can empower and equip an organizational learning culture through the fostering of the 90-year old sentiment established by a group of future farmers — learning to do, doing to learn.
