The Bee system allows UNICEF to establish, replicate and move infrastructure with ease – like a queen bee supporting various workers engaged in building the capacity of the community.
First, each replicate will have small differences in density due to the estimation technique used to establish replicate populations and phenotypic traits could be in part influenced by external conditions among clones ([ 30], unpublished data).
To test model predictions, we established replicate, experimental fly populations with different initial DDT-R allele frequencies, some at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and some not.
We also established replicate polygamous lines in which adult females had equal fitness (two offspring), and adult males had equal mating success but not equal fertilisation success due to the postcopulatory process of sperm competition.
By manipulating the relatedness of the founders, we established replicated experimental populations of the parasitoid C. glomerata differing in their genetic effective size, and thus in allelic richness at the sex-determining locus and in the expected magnitude of diploid male production.
Simulations were run for 1000 time steps, with the first 500 points discarded to allow equilibrium dynamics to establish, and replicated 100 times for each host-parasitoid dispersal proportion combination.
To capture the interior-most conditions, we established 15 replicates at 90 100 m from the edge (E3), ensuring that we fulfilled all other criteria for site selection (elevation, substrate, human-use intensity).
The following treatments were established (six replicates of each): controls (C), bacterial cultures (B), diatom cultures (D), as well as mixed assemblages of bacteria and diatom cultures (BD).
Thus, overall, 36 experimental populations were established (twelve replicates for each of the three treatments).
Vertebrate diversity in grasslands with prairie dog colonies and in mesquite shrubland was assessed by establishing 4 replicate plots in grassland habitat and 4 replicate plots in shrubland habitat within a mosaic of a ca. 15,000 ha prairie dog colony and mesquite shrubland (Figure 2).
