The established proliferation markers, Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), are expressed in all phases of the cell cycle (Takasaki et al, 1981; Guillaud et al, 1989; van Oijen et al, 1998).
The gastric mucosa of Kcne2−/− mice also show increased expression of the established proliferation marker Ki67, manifesting as an increase in the width of the mucosal proliferative band, and as Ki67-positive cells lining the cysts in regions of GCP.
Therefore, we have analysed tumour cell proliferation with the established proliferation marker Ki-67.
Immunohistochemically, the value of securin as a proliferation marker was confirmed among the established proliferation markers of breast cancer.
Ki-67 is a well established proliferation marker in cancer and an excellent biomarker for LUMB tumors.
Other established proliferation and differentiation markers (cmyc, Bglap, Spp1, Col2a1 and Sox9) were not significantly affected by OVX (Fig. 2G).
Comparisons of proliferation markers indicated that securin immunohistochemistry resulted in a different stratification of breast cancer cases, especially identifying patients with a more favourable prognosis than the established proliferation markers MAI and Ki-67.
Therefore, markers of selected phases of the cell cycle could prove beneficial for individual breast cancer patients in intensifying the value of established proliferation markers (Heidebrecht et al, 1997; Rudolph et al, 1999, 2001).
To specify the information given by circulating nucleosomal DNA, we compared it with the number of leukocytes and already established proliferation and cell death markers such as thymidine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, which are already in clinical use for patients with leukemia or lymphomas.
Many embryonic mammary signature components, including ASPM, CDCA2, and KIF20A, are highly correlated with established proliferation genes, such as KIF23 (58%) and TPX2 (69%) in the Natrajan dataset and with TOP2A (39% ), MKI67 (36%), and Ki67 protein expression (28%) in the Ghazoui et al. dataset [ 23] (Additional file 10).
