The purpose of the contract is to establish responsibility for the organisation of transport, establish obligations to be met by the carrier and the user, create a unified tariff system to prevent a monopoly, and ensure a transparent railway market is available to all on equal terms.
Theories of justice drawn from political philosophy provide grounds to establish obligations for actors in rich countries to improve the health of populations in poor countries [ 11, 12].
Treaty, a binding formal agreement, contract, or other written instrument that establishes obligations between two or more subjects of international law (primarily states and international organizations).
Though technically not legally binding in itself, it gave rise to the Kyoto Protocol, which was concluded in 1997 and established obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
In June 2005, it signed a "Community Benefits Agreement" with eight nonprofit organizations, establishing obligations of housing and hiring, and vowing to create amenities like a health care center, a meditation room, a school and eight acres of open space.
These documents establish legal obligations among the ratifying countries to implement international rights within their national legal and political systems.
Further, the conventions establish the obligation of the railways to carry goods and the rights and obligations of the various railway authorities of the contracting states.
Offer and acceptance each specifically require an intention to establish an obligation through this very intention.
In a Rawlsian vein, one might try to establish an obligation to participate in non-beneficial research based on the choices individuals would make regarding the structure of society from a position of ignorance regarding their own place within that society, from behind a veil of ignorance (Rawls 1999).
The organizers call on the EU Executive to "establish an obligation for digital platforms to pay a guaranteed minimum income to self-employed people who regularly work for them". From that date, the collective will have one year to collect the one million signatures required to ask the Commission to take action on the matter.
Yes, Citizens United may have established a constitutional right of sorts to buy advertising time and publicity on behalf, yet not specifically in support of, political candidates -- but, Citizens United did not establish an obligation on the part of the media to sell.
