The Trial Chamber considered a decision of the Appeals Chamber according to which there were three means of establishing bias and found that only one was relevant in the instant case: the test whether a reasonable observer, properly informed, would reasonably apprehend bias.
They achieved this using an issue that had very little movement and had well established biases.
However, it was readily predicted by episodic memory models: the feature bias establishes a bias in long term memory representations, which results in a persistent effect on search performance.
These are complex issues, and I will dig deeper in the coming months to establish whether bias is a factor".
Patients were able to successfully complete the task and establish a bias to one or other dimension in order to gain reward.
It has been suggested that the X chromosome would be an unfavourable location for genes to establish male bias, since they are already hyper-transcribed to achieve parity with autosomal genes [ 14].
As it may be difficult to establish publication bias by visual inspection [ 20], we used the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation test to determine a correlation between technical and clinical success rates per stent type and the number of patients.
Where possible, the following information will be collected for patients who do not consent to the follow-up study: sex, age, place of injury and type of injury, to establish any biases in the participating sample.
Uncorrectable heterogeneity, established publication bias, residual confounding variables, and healthy-user bias have always been deep concerns of investigators.
Over the years, every test development company in the nation has established a bias and sensitivity review process to ensure that test questions do not contain anything that might upset students and prevent them from showing their true abilities on a test.
