Here, gene essentiality was determined by targeted knockout following engineered gene duplication.
Essentiality was determined with Himar-1-based mutagenesis experiments in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and Rv3802c had an insertion/genomic probe ratio of 0.08 (cut-off for essentiality experimentally set below 0.2) [12].
Their essentiality was determined based on colony formation on solid rich growth medium [ 14].
The essentiality of each real node and complementary node is determined by using our ESM centrality measure (denoted by EESM) and the simple path (SP) centrality measure (denoted by ESP).
We ranked those bridges according to their sufficiency rating (SR): a percentage from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), which is determined by a government formula that factors in a bridge's structural adequacy, safety, serviceability for modern use, and essentiality to the public.
The former is randomly or systematically used to inactivate potential essential genes, and gene essentiality could be determined based on the living situation of the organism.
With these specific inhibitors cellular phenotypes can be examined and essentiality can be determined.
The essentiality of genes was determined by querying the database of essential of genes [ 31].
For the metabolism, 53 genes were found to be essential and for the remaining 711 the essentiality could not be determined by this method [ 21].
The essentiality of rpoE was determined by assessing the cotransduction frequency of nadB::Tn10 and rpoE::kan in recipient strains.
