The autophagy gene bec-1, the homolog of mammalian beclin 1, is required for the increased lifespan of daf-2 mutant animals [ 94], suggesting that autophagy is an essential lifespan-prolonging component of the stress responses typically held in check by IIS activity.
This physiological response has been proposed to be essential for lifespan extension.
This indicates that the observable daf-16-to- daf-16 signaling is not essential for lifespan extension.
To test whether indeed enhanced CCP levels are essential for lifespan extension, CLS experiments were performed with a ccp deletion strain and a cat ccp double deletion strain.
These data suggest that in cat cells in Gly/MeOH/AS medium Yap1 mediated induction of CCP, is essential for lifespan extension.
These facts suggest that during DR or in DR-like states, upregulation of xenobiotic detoxification is essential, supporting lifespan extension by lipid oxidation.
The heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is also essential for lifespan extension facilitated by reduced IIS (Hsu et al., 2003; Morley & Morimoto, 2004).
Whereas wild-type and ras2Δ cells accumulated acetic acid, long-lived tor1Δ and sch9Δ mutants rapidly depleted it through a mitochondrial acetate CoA transferase-dependent mechanism, which was essential for lifespan extension.
Some of the other transcription factors that we found to be essential for lifespan extension of isp-1 qm150 isp-1 qm150e AHA-1, CEH-18, JUN-1, NHR-27 and NHR-49.
One of these is the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway: in C. elegans, one of the most important components of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway is daf-16, a FOXO transcription factor that has an essential role in lifespan extension upon germline loss (Lin et al., 1997; Berman and Kenyon, 2006; Kenyon, 2010).
It's even harder to convince non-educators why tenure is essential to the lifespan of a teacher.
