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In reality, the essential functional units of plants, animals and microbes are their genes and proteins, and these non-intelligent macromolecules simply have no idea whether or not they are cooperating with other genes and proteins.
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The U-box is generally considered as the essential functional unit of E4s, however, it was reported that the U-box of human UFD2a is not required for the proteasomal turnover of p73 (Hosoda et al., 2005).
The PLA is an essential functional unit for echolocation call control before the descending pathways share again the final common pathway for vocalization.
Given that HSC are the essential functional units in BM transplantation, the identification of factors that regulate their maintenance and function will likely improve treatments for hematodeficiency and hematopoietic cancers.
Together, these results are not supportive of an oligomeric form of frataxin as the essential functional unit in vivo for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, but rather suggest that mature frataxin is monomeric.
They are essentially living, three-dimensional cross-sections of major functional units of whole living organs.
Thus, it is essential to develop a tailored model that unravels breast cancer mechanisms by identifying disease-specific functional units of biological pathways and apply the model for breast cancer prognosis.
Insulated Neighborhoods: Structural and Functional Units of Mammalian Gene Control.
Jin, J. et al. Eukaryotic protein domains as functional units of cellular evolution.
Hnisz, D., Day, D. S. & Young, R. A. Insulated neighborhoods: structural and functional units of mammalian gene control.
The islets and the lobules are the functional units of the human pancreas (endocrine portion) and human liver, respectively.
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