The surface functional groups produced from functionalization process are essential for further modification of MWNTs and facilitate the separation of nanotube bundles into individual tubes.
Glycosyl hydrolases (GH) are also essential for the modification of cell wall polysaccharides [ 43].
GGPPS is responsible for producing GGPP, and previous studies demonstrated that GGPPS1 was essential for prenylation modification of Ras [ 17].
Indeed, it has been shown that γ-zeins are essential for endosperm modification to maintain kernel vitreousness in quality protein maize (QPM) [ 7].
N-linked glycosylation is essential for the modification of proteins in eukaryotes and is one of the most complex metabolic pathways known, involving more than 40 biochemical steps.
In addition to their excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, UPEs possess many carboxyl and hydroxyl units, thus providing rich chemical functionalities for biomolecule conjugation, which is essential for surface modification of the NPs.
Thus, Pro-1, Arg-70, and Arg-73 are essential for covalent modification of Cg10062 by either (R)- or (S) - 6. Mass spectral analysis of the reaction mixture containing the E114Q mutant revealed a more complex situation.
Therefore, since acid lysosomal pH is essential for proper modification, processing and trafficking of proteins, we wished to determine whether the inefficient acidification of endosomal/lysosomal compartment(s) was responsible for the inefficient degradation of I-EGF in KB-CP20 cells.
In yeast and plants, Elongator is essential for these modifications [ 51, 52].
To maintain the directional flow of transport, essential for these modifications, the Golgi apparatus is built out of stacked cisternae, laterally interlinked via fenestrated continuities.
