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To date, the only genetically identified essential editing factors are required for editing specific sites and belong to a family of nuclear-encoded RNA binding proteins, the pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR) [ 13- 19].
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These results further indicate that the ZF2 of KREPA3 is essential for editing progression, and mutation of ZF2 of KREPA3 inhibited the completion of editing in vivo as well as increasing the proportion of 'non-canonical' editing.
Other studies have identified certain trans-factors that are essential for editing of certain sites; however, this does not exclude the possibility that other proteins may be involved in the editing machinery, as is implied by Chateigner-Boutin et al. (2008).
Because of a highly conserved motif resembling the zinc-binding active site of nucleotide deaminases and essential for editing, the DYW motif of PPR protein was hypothesized to be responsible for the catalytic reaction but is still debated (Boussardon et al. 2014; Takenaka et al. 2014; Yagi et al. 2013; Wagoner et al. 2015).
However, exclusive expression of KREPA3 ZF mutants shows that the both ZF motifs are essential for editing progression in vivo, and based on the analysis of RT-PCR products of edited mRNAs, each ZF appears to play a distinct functional role in editing.
A recent study uncovered that proteins encoded in the nuclear genome are essential for editing site recognition in chloroplasts; the mechanisms by which this recognition occurs remain unclear.
RD provided insight of data results, directed research, was essential in editing and drafting the manuscript, and provided funding for the project.
He is holding a copy of a specially printed edition of the poetry anthology Essential Poems, edited by Neil Astley, one of 250,000 books that is being distributed to mark Thursday's World Book Night.
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