Recruitment and activation of monocytes and macrophages are essential for clearance of malaria infection, but these have also been associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
CD8 T cells are essential for clearance of a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, but the virus can present a number of unique challenges that antiviral T cells must overcome.
This may explain the higher susceptibility of preterm infants to respiratory infections, as a robust autophagy response is essential for clearance of common lung pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa).
Thus, MyD88-NFκB signaling in macrophages is essential for clearance of Mp from the lungs.
Using analysis of gene-targeted mice, we have also shown that neither the third component of complement (utilizing C3−/− mice) nor the free radical mediator nitric oxide produced by iNOS (using iNOS−/− mice) is essential for clearance of Mp (Figure S8).
Since a rapid response of the adaptive immune system to infection is essential for clearance of most pathogens, understanding how cell cycle is regulated in T lymphocytes will not only yield important basic information on the biology of cell division but also may prove to be an important consideration in vaccine design.
This is likely because CD4+ T cells are not essential for clearance of primary HKx31 infection (Tripp et al., 1995; Belz et al., 2002).
Lutterloh and colleagues show that RAGE is not essential for clearance of pathogenic bacteria in polymicrobial sepsis or to L. monocytogenes.
Additionally, data showing a 60-fold increase in the bacterial count in blood of mutant compared to wild type mice further demonstrate that nBmp2 is essential for clearance of S. aureus following secondary infection.
IFN- γ is a characteristic Th1 response cytokine [ 15], and IFN- γ activity, mediated by a CD4+ T-cell response to H. pylori infection, is essential for clearance [ 16, 17].
For example, research conducted by Arredouani et al. demonstrates that both SRAI and MARCO are essential for clearance of bacteria and inert particles from the lungs [ 24, 35], indicating that even though MARCO is more evolutionarily related to SCARA3 and SCARA4, it is more functionally related to the SRCR-containing receptors.
